The efficacy of hepatitis B vaccine in Iranian population: A systematic review and meta‑analysis

Introduction: Hepatitis B infection is an important health problem all over the world, and according to the studies, Iran is a country with intermediate prevalence, so vaccination is a cost‑benefit approach. In this study, evidence about the efficacy of hepatitis B vaccine was collected by systematic review methods and its amount was estimated by a meta‑analysis. Materials and Methods: In this study, documents and literature search were performed using valid key words in Information Sciences Institute, PubMed, Scientific Information Data base, and Iranmedex databases from 1997 to 2010 in different regions of Iran. All cross‑sectional studies about the efficacy of hepatitis B vaccine in Iran which fulfilled the inclusion criteria entered the study. Antibody titer (Anti‑hemoglobins > 10 IU/L) was considered as the desired efficacy. In order to present the results, prevalence and Forest plot were used and for evaluation of the inconsistency meta‑regression model and I2 index were used. We used R.15.3.2 software for analysis. Results: Totally 64 studies (52 studies in general population and 12 studies among specific populations) including 12,575 subjects with age range from 8 months to 55 years entered the meta‑analysis. The efficacy was 86.3% (confidence interval [CI]: 83.9‑88.7%) in the general population and 59.62% (CI: 47.9‑71.29%) in specific patient populations. Also the efficacy was significantly related to the year of publication, age and gender (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Prevention is an important issue in general health. Hepatitis B vaccination is one of the methods used to prevent hepatitis B infection. According to this study, the efficacy of hepatitis B vaccination was more than 80% in general population, so injection of full course of hepatitis B vaccinationis enough and booster dose is not required

Evaluation of Non-Medical Services’ Responsiveness Using a National Model: Patients’ Viewpoint

Background: Responsiveness is the main indicator of high performance in every health system. This study was conducted to assess non-medical services’ responsiveness from patients’ viewpoint through applying a localized responsiveness model in Iran. Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study, conducted in three hospitals of Yazd province in 2015. To collect data, a standardized questionnaire was used and data were analyzed by SPSS 16 software package, through applying descriptive statistical tests, T-test, correlation and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: The study findings revealed that a mean score for responsiveness from patients’ viewpoint was 2.48 ± 0.26 at a public hospital, 2.14 ± 0.26 at a private and 2 ± 0.27 at a charity hospital representing an average level for hospitals under study. The highest and lowest mean scores among different aspects of responsiveness belonged to dignity (2.5 ± 0.36) and informed choice (1.9 ± 0.43). Conclusions: Given that responsiveness was evaluated at an average level, appropriate policy interventions and necessary reforms are proposed to increase its status in under study hospitals. Keywords: Patient, Non-Medical Support Services, Responsiveness, Viewpoin

Relationship between Organizational Perceived Justice and Organizational Citizenship Behavior among an Iranian Hospital’s Employees, 2013

Background: Organizational citizenship behavior just referred to a set of discretionary workplace behaviors that exceed one’s job requirements. The main objective of this study was to determine the relationship between organizational perceived justice and organizational citizenship behavior. Methods: This cross-sectional study was done in Shahid Sadoughi Hospital in Yazd, Iran in 2013. A total of 100 hospital employees contributed in the study. The required data was gathered using 2 valid questionnaires, including the Moorman & Niehoff organizational perceived justice questionnaire and the McKinsey organizational citizenship behavior questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16. Descriptive statistics, Chi square, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient were used for data analysis. Results: There was a significant positive relationship between organizational perceived justice and organizational citizenship behavior among the studied hospital’s employees (P ≤ 0.05, R = 0.33). Conclusion: This study confirmed that any policy that leads to better organizational justice perception will contribute in better organizational citizenship behavior which will increase the hospital's productivity

Assessing the Predictors of Intention and Behavior in Using Virtual Social Networks Among Students of the Yazd University of Medical Sciences Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior

Introduction: Nowadays, use of virtual socail networks is increasing . However, few studies have been conducted&nbsp; about&nbsp; factors influencing the use of social networks by using theories of health education&nbsp; among students.&nbsp; The present study was to determine predictive factors of virtual social networks among students of Yazd university of medical sciences based on the constructs of the Theory of Planned Behavior. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 Students in 2016, who were selected by stratified random sampling method. The &nbsp;study data was collected from a questionnaire based on the constructs of the Theory of Planned Behavior including attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and behavioral intentions and behaviors. The data collected were then analyzed via the SPSS Software using descriptive statistics, Pearson product-moment correlation test, one-way analysis of variance, and regression. Results: The mean age of university students was 22.28&plusmn;3.69 years. The results also suggested that 98.3% of these university students were using virtual social networks. Moreover, the findings of the regression analysis indicated that attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control were predictors of intention to use social networks and attitudes had the highest predictive power for the intention to use social networks (&beta;=0.38). Furthermore, the results of the regression analysis demonstrated that behavioral intention, attitudes, and subjective norms among the constructs of the Theory of Planned Behavior could predict the behavior to use virtual space. Conclusion: Given the high level of social networking utilization, the necessity of planinig and doing of interventions should be noted to manage it. It is also required to induce and educate the correct attitude about the use of network and how to take advantage of&nbsp; it&nbsp

Job Motivating Potential Score and Its Relationship with Employees' Organizational Commitment among Health Professionals

AbstractObjectivesJob motivation affects the productivity and performance, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment of the employees of each organization. Alternatively, understanding factors affecting motivation provokes a sense of creativity and innovation in employees. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between jobs' motivating potential scores and employees' organizational commitment.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in an educational hospital of Yazd, Iran, in 2014 and 2015. A total of 181 employees from different units of the hospital contributed to this study. We used the stratified-random sampling method for choosing the required sample from different wards. Required data were gathered using two valid questionnaires. After completing the questionnaires, collected data were analyzed using statistical software SPSS version 19. We used descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, and Spearman correlation coefficients in data analyses.ResultsResults showed that the majority of study participants rated their jobs as low motivating and the mean motivating potential score and its three components (task identity, autonomy, and feedback) were below the mean standard. The motivating potential score and its three components, including job variety, feedback, and autonomy, have a significant positive correlation with organizational commitment. These results confirm that any improvement of job characteristics will lead to organizational commitment incensement.ConclusionOur study observed a negative correlation between some motivating potential dimensions and some kinds of organizational commitment, including the correlation of task identity, skill variety, and feedback with normative commitment and the relation of task significance with affective commitment. These are surprising results that need to be studied more

Evaluation of Prescriptions and Use of Intravenous Pantoprazole in General Wards and Intensive Care Unit of Shahid Sadoughi Hospital in Yazd

Background: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are currently the most effective agents for acid related disorders. However, studies show that 25-75% of patients receiving intravenous Pantoprazole had no appropriate justification, indicating high rate of inappropriate prescribing in hospitals. The aim of this study is to examine the appropriate use of intravenous Pantoprazole in accordance with guidelines at Shahid Sadoughi hospital. Methods: From January to April 2015, sample of 100 prescriptions who received Intravenous (IV) Pantoprazole were collected with observational and sectional model in Intensive care unit (ICU) and general wards of “Shahid Sadoughi” Hospital of Yazd, Iran. Clinical data from patient records are obtained and these data were mapped to establish clinical criteria and appropriate use of Intravenous Pantoprazole. Results: The majority (63%) of Intravenous Pantoprazole prescriptions were deemed inappropriate in terms of either indication for use, dose or duration of therapy. 51.5% of the patients were above 55 years old. Endoscopy did not performed in most of the Non UGIB (Non upper gastrointestinal bleeding) cases. Most Intravenous Pantoprazole prescriptions were ordered by junior doctors (Intern), and again this group were significantly less likely to prescribe the drug for appropriate reasons when compared with more experienced clinicians. Conclusion: This study suggests that the majority of IV PPI prescriptions in our hospital are inappropriate. Awareness of the result of this article through medical staff could result in more judicious use of intravenous pantoprazole and dose optimization. Physicians and pharmacists can work together to create solutions to inappropriate drug use

The Relationship between Time Management and the Academic Achievement Motivation in Students: A Case Study among the Students of the Public Health School in Yazd Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in 2016

Background: Motivation for progress is the desire or passion for success that is affected by many factors; time management, as an inevitable factor affects the academic achievement. This project was carried out with the aim of investigating the relationship between time management and academic achievement motivation among the students of Public Health School of Yazd University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This cross-sectional and analytical study was conducted on 140 students of Yazd Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in 2016 by stratified random sampling. To collect data, Truman and Hartley time management questionnaire (14 items) and Valerand's academic motivation scale (AMS) (28 items) were used. Reliability of the time management questionnaire was 0.72 using the Cronbach's alpha. The validity of this questionnaire was also confirmed by factor analysis. To assess the psychometric results of AMS, all qualitative-quantitative stages of formal validity, and content validity were performed. The reliability of the questionnaire was also verified by Cronbach's alpha (&alpha; = 0.88) and split-half (&alpha; = 0.73). Data were then analyzed using SPSS 18 and by running the descriptive statistics (percentage, mean, standard deviation), independent t-test, ANOVA, as well as Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients. Results: Based on the results, a positive and significant correlation was found between the 2 motivational and time management variables (r = 0.1) (p = 0.03). We observed no significant relationship of time management and motivation for progress with any the demographic variables of the students. Conclusion: Considering the significant relationship between time management and the motivation for academic achievement, we recommend further investigations on the education of time management methods. The educational courses on time management should enhance the motivation for progress among students. They also can help students to improve their academic achievements

Evaluation of Efficacy of the Current Disinfectants on Gram-negative Bacteria Isolated from Hospital in Yazd in 2014

as Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, and Staphylococcus that appropriate disinfection can reduce these pathogens. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different disinfectants on Gram-negative bacteria isolated from the surface of accidents and burn hospital in Yazd. Materials and Methods: In this study, 240 samples were randomly collected from different parts of accidents and burn hospital before and after disinfection. The samples were cultured on blood agar and Eusion-Metilen-Blue agar media in the Microbiology Laboratory of Medicine School of Shahid Sadoughi University in Yazd and Colony counting were determined. Identification was done by biochemical tests after incubation at 37&deg; C for 48 hours. The studied disinfectants were Deconex 50AF, Descoscid, Epimax SC, and Silvosept. At last, data were analyzed with using paired t-test. Results: The Gram-negative bacteria were isolated from burn unit before disinfection included Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Proteus spp., Klebsiella spp., Acinetobacter spp., and Enterobacter spp. According to the results, all disinfectants reduced the pollution before and after disinfection; nevertheless, this reduction at the time of using Epimax SC and Silvosept only showed a significant difference for P. aeruginosa (P = 0.001 and 0.003) and for E. coli (P = 0.020 and 0.005), respectively. Conclusion: All disinfectants were effective on Gram-negative bacteria isolated from surfaces and had shown a significant difference only between P. aeruginosa and E. coli number before and after disinfection by Epimax SC and Silvosept. The most effective disinfectant on P. aeruginosa and E. coli was Epimax SC and Silvosept, respectively